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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 114(2): 305-312, Feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088853

ABSTRACT

Abstract Familial lipodystrophy is a rare genetic condition in which individuals have, besides metabolic changes and body fat deposits, a type of cardiomyopathy that has not been well studied. Many of the patients develop cardiovascular changes, the most commonly reported in the literature being the expression of a type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This article, presented as a bibliographic review, reviews the clinical and cardiovascular imaging aspects in this scenario of cardiomyopathy in a rare metabolic disease, based on the latest scientific evidence published in the area. Despite the frequent association of congenital lipodystrophy and ventricular hypertrophy described in the literature, the pathophysiological mechanisms of this cardiomyopathy have not yet been definitively elucidated, and new information on cardiac morphological aspects is emerging in the aegis of recent and advanced imaging methods, such as cardiac magnetic resonance.


Resumo A lipodistrofia familiar é uma condição genética rara na qual indivíduos apresentam, além das alterações metabólicas e de depósitos de gordura físicos, um tipo de cardiomiopatia pouco estudada. Muitos dos pacientes desenvolvem alterações cardiovasculares, sendo a mais comumente reportada em literatura, a expressão de um tipo de cardiomiopatia hipertrófica. Este artigo, apresentado como uma revisão bibliográfica, revisa os aspectos clínicos e de imagem cardiovascular neste cenário de cardiomiopatia em doença metabólica rara, com base nas últimas evidências científicas publicadas na área. Apesar da frequente associação de lipodistrofia congênita e hipertrofia ventricular descrita em literatura, os mecanismos fisiopatológicos desta cardiomiopatia ainda não estão definitivamente elucidados, e novas informações do aspecto morfológico cardíaco surgem à égide de recentes e avançados métodos de imagem como a ressonância cardíaca magnética.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/etiology , Cardiomegaly/etiology , Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial/complications , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Cardiomegaly/physiopathology , Cardiomegaly/diagnostic imaging , Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized/complications , Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized/physiopathology , Lipodystrophy, Congenital Generalized/diagnostic imaging , Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial/physiopathology , Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial/diagnostic imaging
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(1): 67-73, Jan. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1091901

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES Individuals living with HIV seem to be more prone to changes in the redistribution of body fat, characterized as lipodystrophy, which may occur in conjunction with metabolic diseases. In the present study, such impacts were assessed in adults with and without HIV and associated with the time of virus diagnosis and treatment with antiretroviral. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 123 adults, in which 87 had HIV and 36 without HIV, of both sexes, in outpatient follow-up at the Specialized Care Service (SAE) in Macaé-RJ. The following were made: 1) Alteration in body fat distribution, measured by anthropometric parameters and self-reported lipodystrophy; 2) Biochemical profile; 3) Association between HIV diagnosis time and antiretroviral treatment. RESULTS 54.47% (n = 67) males, 45.52% (n = 56) females, mean age 37 years. Of these 87 were people living with HIV, 29% (n = 25) had self-reported lipodystrophy, mean time of virus infection, and antiretroviral treatment (5.80 ± 4.56 and 5.14 ± 3.82 years), respectively. Patients with self-reported lipodystrophy had a greater change in body fat distribution between 3-6 years of HIV diagnosis and a negative cholesterol profile. The antiretroviral treatment time influenced total cholesterol and triglycerides, even for patients without self-reported lipodystrophy, with a further nine years under treatment. CONCLUSION In this study, the negative cholesterol profile was mainly related to antiretroviral treatment time, even for patients without self-reported lipodystrophy, and changes in body fat distribution, measured by anthropometry, was especially associated with time for HIV infection in those with lipodystrophy self-reported.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS Indivíduos vivendo com HIV parecem mais propensos às alterações na redistribuição da gordura corporal, caracterizada como lipodistrofia, podendo acontecer em conjunto com as metabólicas. No presente estudo avaliaram-se tais impactos em adultos com e sem HIV e se associou ao tempo de diagnóstico do vírus e tratamento com antirretroviral. MÉTODOS Estudo tipo transversal, com 123 adultos, no qual 87 tinham HIV e 36 sem HIV, de ambos os sexos, em seguimento ambulatorial no Serviço de Atendimento Especializado (SAE) em Macaé - RJ. Foram feitos: 1) Alteração na distribuição da gordura corporal, mensurados por parâmetros antropométricos e lipodistrofia autorreferida; 2) Perfil bioquímico; 3) Associação entre tempo diagnóstico do HIV e tratamento com antirretroviral. RESULTADOS Incluíram-se 54,47% (n=67) do sexo masculino, 45,52% (n=56) do feminino, com média de idade de 37 anos. Destes, 87 eram pessoas vivendo com HIV, 29% (n=25) possuíam lipodistrofia autorreferida; tempo médio de infecção pelo vírus e tratamento antirretroviral (5,80±4,56 e 5,14±3,82 anos), respectivamente. Os pacientes com lipodistrofia autorreferida tiveram maior alteração na distribuição da gordura corporal entre 3-6 anos de diagnóstico do HIV e um perfil colesterolêmico negativo. O tempo de tratamento com antirretroviral influenciou o colesterol total e os triglicerídeos, mesmo para os pacientes sem lipodistrofia autorreferida, com mais de nove anos sob tratamento. CONCLUSÃO Neste estudo, o perfil colesterolêmico negativo se relacionou principalmente ao tempo de tratamento com antirretroviral, mesmo para os pacientes sem lipodistrofia autorreferida e as alterações na distribuição da gordura corporal, mensuradas por antropometria, se associaram especialmente ao tempo de infecção pelo HIV naqueles com lipodistrofia autorreferida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/physiopathology , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/epidemiology , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Body Fat Distribution , Time Factors , Triglycerides/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Body Mass Index , HIV Infections/blood , Sex Factors , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Cholesterol/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome/blood , Self Report , Middle Aged
3.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 95(4): 482-488, July-Aug. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040334

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: To examine longitudinal (seven years) relationships among cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak), body fatness, and motor competence. Method: Data were collected as part of the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS). Body fatness was assessed by the sum of four skinfolds. VO2peak was measured directly in a continuous running protocol. Motor competence was assessed using the Körperkoordinationtest für Kinder. This study used multilevel linear mixed models to evaluate the reciprocal longitudinal association between body fatness, VO2peak, and motor competence. All regressions were stratified by sex and adjusted by intervention and pubertal status. All variable coefficients were standardized. Results: A reciprocal relationship was observed between children's motor competence with body fatness and VO2peak at the seven-year follow-up (6 -13 years of age). Children with higher motor competence at baseline had a lower risk of having higher body fatness (βboys = −0.45, 95% CI: −0.52 to −0.38; βgirls = −0.35, 95% CI: −0.42 to −0.28) and higher VO2peak (βboys = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.27 -0.40; βgirls = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.20 -0.33) during childhood. Alternatively, higher body fatness or lower levels of VO2peak at baseline were associated with lower motor competence during childhood. Conclusions: These data suggest motor competence, body fatness, and VO2peak demonstrate reciprocal relationships across childhood (6 -13 years of age). Interventions addressing motor competence, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body fatness in early childhood are recommended, as intervention effects are likely to be enhanced because of the mutual reciprocal associations between these three variables.


Resumo Objetivos: Examinar as relações longitudinais (sete anos) entre a aptidão cardiorrespiratória (VO2 pico), gordura corporal e coordenação motora. Método: Os dados foram coletados como parte do Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS). A gordura corporal foi avaliada pela soma de quatro dobras cutâneas. O VO2 pico foi medido diretamente em um protocolo de corrida contínua. A coordenação motora foi avaliada com o teste de coordenação corporal para crianças (Körperkoordination für Kinder - KTK). Usamos modelos lineares mistos multiníveis para avaliar a associação longitudinal recíproca entre a gordura corporal, o VO2 pico e a coordenação motora. Todas as regressões foram estratificadas por sexo e ajustadas para intervenção e estado puberal. Todos os coeficientes das variáveis foram padronizados. Resultados: Observamos uma relação recíproca entre a coordenação motora e a gordura corporal. As crianças com maior coordenação motora no início do estudo apresentaram menor risco de ter maior nível de gordura corporal (βmeninos = -0,45, IC de 95%: -0,52: -0,38; βmeninas = -0,35, IC de 95%: -0,42: -0,28) e maior VO2 pico (βmeninos = 0,34, IC de 95%: 0,27: 0,40; βmeninas = 0,27, IC de 95%: 0,20: 0,33). Por outro lado, maior nível de gordura corporal ou menores níveis de VO2 pico no início do estudo foram associados a menor coordenação motora durante a infância. Conclusões: Esses dados sugerem que a coordenação motora, gordura corporal e VO2 pico demonstram relações recíprocas durante a infância (6-13 anos). São recomendadas intervenções que abordem a coordenação motora, a aptidão cardiorrespiratória e a gordura corporal na primeira infância, pois os efeitos da intervenção são provavelmente maiores devido às associações recíprocas mútuas entre essas três variáveis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Oxygen Consumption , Exercise , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Pediatric Obesity/physiopathology , Motor Skills , Linear Models , Physical Fitness , Risk Factors , Longitudinal Studies , Cardiorespiratory Fitness
4.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 112(4): 424-429, Apr. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001275

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) women have a high prevalence of obesity and alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control, mainly modifications in heart rate variability (HRV) autonomic modulation. However, there are few studies about other autonomic control parameters, such as blood pressure variability (BPV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In addition, there are still doubts about the obesity real contribution in altering autonomic control in these women. Objective: To investigate BPV and BRS autonomic modulation alterations in PCOS women, as well as, to evaluate whether these alterations are due PCOS or increased body fat. Methods: We studied 30 eutrophic volunteers [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2] without PCOS (control group) and 60 volunteers with PCOS divided into: eutrophic (BMI < 25 kg/m2, N = 30) and obese women (BMI > 30 kg/m2, N = 30). All volunteers were submitted to anthropometric evaluation, hemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters record at rest and during physical exercise, analysis of HRV, BPV and spontaneous BRS. The differences in p less than 5% (p < 0.05) were considered statistically significant. Results: Related to eutrophics groups, there were no differences in autonomic parameters evaluated. The comparison between the PCOS groups showed that both PCOS groups did not differ in the BPV analysis. Although, the obese PCOS group presented lower values of spontaneous BRS and HRV, in low frequency and high frequency oscillations in absolute units. Conclusion: Our results suggest that obesity did little to alter HRV in women with PCOS, but it may influence the spontaneous BRS.


Resumo Fundamento: As mulheres com síndrome do ovário policístico (SOP) apresentam alta prevalência de obesidade e alterações no controle autonômico cardiovascular, principalmente modificações na modulação autonômica da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). No entanto, existem poucos estudos sobre outros parâmetros de controle autonômico, como a variabilidade da pressão arterial (VPA) e a sensibilidade barorreflexa (SBR). Além disso, ainda há dúvidas sobre a real contribuição da obesidade na alteração do controle autonômico dessas mulheres. Objetivo: Investigar as alterações da modulação autonômica da VPA e SBR em mulheres com SOP, bem como avaliar se essas alterações se devem à SOP ou ao aumento da gordura corporal. Métodos: Foram estudadas 30 voluntárias com peso normal [índice de massa corporal (IMC) < 25 kg/m2] sem SOP (grupo controle) e 60 voluntárias com SOP, divididas em: mulheres com peso normal (IMC < 25 kg/m2, N = 30) e mulheres obesas (IMC > 30 kg/m2, N = 30). Todas as voluntárias foram submetidas à avaliação antropométrica, com registro de parâmetros hemodinâmicos e cardiorrespiratórios em repouso e durante exercício físico, e análise da VFC, VPA e SBR espontânea. As diferenças de p < 5% (p < 0,05) foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes. Resultados: Em relação aos grupos com peso normal, não houve diferenças nos parâmetros autonômicos avaliados. A comparação entre os grupos SOP mostrou que ambos os grupos não diferiram na análise da VPA. No entanto, o grupo SOP obeso apresentou menores valores de SBR espontânea e VFC nas oscilações de baixa e alta frequências, em unidades absolutas. Conclusão: Nossos resultados sugerem que a obesidade pouco influenciou a VFC em mulheres com SOP, mas pode afetar a SBR espontânea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/physiopathology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Baroreflex/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Reference Values , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Spirometry , Exercise/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Anthropometry , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Exercise Test , Heart Rate/physiology
5.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 21(1): e51, ene.-abr. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1093798

ABSTRACT

Introducción: las enfermedades reumáticas son un grupo de afecciones que se caracterizan por la presencia, generalmente, de dolor, inflamación, deformidad, discapacidad funcional y disminución de la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Las complicaciones cardiovasculares son frecuentes en el curso de estas enfermedades; los trastornos nutricionales pueden ser causa o consecuencia de estas complicaciones. Objetivo: determinar la relación existente entre adiposidad corporal y presión arterial en niños y adolescentes con enfermedades reumáticas. Metodos: estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal en 45 pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas diagnosticadas según los criterios del American College of Reumathology. Se utilizó la técnica de bioimpedancia para determinar el porcentaje de grasa corporal e índice de correlación de Pearson para determinar relación entre variable. Resultados: promedio de edad de 12,26 ± 8,74 años, predominio de pacientes femeninas (68,69 por ciento) y entre 15 y 18 años de edad (42,22 por ciento). La enfermedad reumática más representada fue la artritis idiopática juvenil (46,67 por ciento). Predominaron los pacientes con aumento del porcentaje de grasa, donde el sobrepeso (44,44 por ciento) y la obesidad (20,0 por ciento) fueron los más representados. El 20,0 por ciento de los pacientes incluidos en la investigación presentaron alteraciones de la presión arterial con predominio en pacientes obesos (33,33 por ciento) y con sobrepeso (20,0 por ciento). Conclusiones: Mantener un adecuado control de la adiposidad corporal disminuye considerablemente la posibilidad de aparición de trastornos de la presión arterial. La bioimpedancia eléctrica es un método de fácil aplicación y de comprobada efectividad para determinar el porcentaje de grasa(AU)


Introduction: rheumatic diseases are a group of conditions that are characterized by the presence, usually, of pain, inflammation, deformity, functional disability and decreased perception of quality of life related to health. Cardiovascular complications are frequent in the course of these diseases; Nutritional disorders may be the cause or consequence of these complications. Objective: to determine the relationship between body adiposity and blood pressure in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases. Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study in 45 patients with rheumatic diseases diagnosed according to the criteria of the American College of Reumathology. The bioimpedance technique was used to determine the percentage of body fat and Pearson's correlation index to determine the relationship between variables. Results: average age of 12.26 ± 8.74 years, predominance of female patients (68.69 percent) and between 15 and 18 years of age (42.22 percent). The most represented rheumatic disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (46.67 percent). Patients with increased fat percentage predominated, where overweight (44.44 percent) and obesity (20.0 percent) were the most represented. 20.0 percent of the patients included in the investigation presented alterations in blood pressure, predominantly in obese patients (33.33 percent) and overweight (20.0 percent). Conclusions: Maintaining adequate control of body adiposity considerably reduces the possibility of the appearance of blood pressure disorders. The electric bioimpedance is a method of easy application and proven effectiveness to determine the percentage of fat(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Arthritis, Juvenile/complications , Anthropometry/methods , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Overweight , Adiposity/physiology , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Obesity/complications , Cross-Sectional Studies
6.
Motriz (Online) ; 24(4): e101811, 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976266

ABSTRACT

To analyze the association between the percentage of body fat and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with cardiovascular risk factors in children, and; to examine whether percentage of body fat acts as a mediator on the association between CRF and cardiovascular risk factor. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 128 children aged 7-11 years (Mean 8.54, SD: 1.42). The following variables were evaluated: the percentage of body fat, CRF, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol. For statistical analysis were performed Partial correlation and mediation analysis. All analysis was adjusted for sex, age and height. Results: CRF, the percentage of body fat, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and TG showed a correlation between each other. Percentage of body fat mediated the association between CRF and MAP (Indirect Effect= -0.008; IC: -0.0159 -0.0030), explaining 29% of this association. However, it was found that the percentage of body fat was not a mediator of the association between CRF and TG. Conclusion: The percentage of body fat mediates the association between CRF and MAP. Our findings show that the importance of a healthy body composition for the prevention of high blood pressure levels in childhood as well as the relevance of physical activity on these parameters.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Body Composition/physiology , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Cardiorespiratory Fitness/physiology , Brazil , Body Mass Index , Risk Factors
7.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(6): 820-825, Nov.-Dec. 2017. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-887113

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Background: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disease associated with excessive inflammatory response to various triggers. Although some studies have supported the increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in rosacea, it has not been completely accepted. Objective: We aimed to investigate epicardial fat thickness and carotid intima-media thickness as cardiovascular risk predictors in rosacea patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 40 rosacea patients and 40 controls. Demographic data, epicardial fat thickness, carotid intima-media thickness, lipid parameters, biochemical parameters, presence of insulin resistance, and presence of metabolic syndrome of the participants were recorded. Results: Forty rosacea patients (31 female and 9 male) and 40 controls (30 female and 10 male) were enrolled in the study. Rosacea patients had significantly higher epicardial fat thickness and carotid intima-media thickness volumes than controls (P<0.001). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, epicardial fat thickness was independently related to presence of rosacea (P<0.001, OR=13.31). In the multiple linear regression analysis, the epicardial fat thickness was independently associated with rosacea (β= 0.47, P<0.001), carotid intima-media thickness (β= 0.36, P<0.001), and systolic blood pressure (β=0.19, P=0.015) and the carotid intima-media thickness was independently associated with epicardial fat thickness (β= 0.6, P<0.001). The epicardial fat thickness levels were correlated with carotid intima-media thickness (r=0.63, P<0.001), LDL (r=0.23, P=0.037), systolic blood pressure (r=0.45, P<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure levels (r=0.37, P=0.001). The carotid intima-media thickness levels were correlated with epicardial fat thickness (r=0.63, P<0.001), systolic blood pressure (r=0.04, P<0.001), and diastolic blood pressure levels (r=0.27, P=0.016). Study limitations: The small number of participants. Conclusions: Examination and follow-up of rosacea patients for cardiovascular diseases may be recommended practices.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Pericardium/pathology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Adipose Tissue/pathology , Rosacea/complications , Carotid Intima-Media Thickness , Pericardium/physiopathology , Reference Values , Insulin Resistance , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Logistic Models , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Rosacea/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology
8.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 44(3): 226-233, 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899825

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica de origen multifactorial, asociada a complicaciones de salud potencialmente graves, y con una elevada prevalencia a nivel mundial. Actualmente se considera uno de los principales problemas sociales y de salud que enfrentar en el siglo XXI. El objetivo de este estudio es mostrar el estado actual de la fisiopatología de la obesidad, centrándose en el tejido adiposo. La célula principal del tejido adiposo es el adipocito que convive con otras poblaciones celulares tales como fibroblastos o células inmunes. Debido a factores genéticos y ambientales y su interacción, las personas pueden incrementar los depósitos de tejido adiposo aumentando el tamaño (hipertrofia) o el número de los adipocitos (hiperplasia). La hipertrofia es una respuesta común en todos los estados de obesidad, a menudo asociados con factores patógenos que deterioran la función del tejido adiposo y desarrollan un proceso inflamatorio. Aunque un aumento en la grasa corporal total se asocia con un mayor riesgo para la salud, la cantidad de grasa abdominal, en particular la grasa abdominal visceral, se ha relacionado con un aumento de la comorbilidad y la mortalidad. Es necesario formular mejores propuestas a través de la prevención y tratamientos alternativos a los actuales. Asimismo, realizar importantes esfuerzos institucionales y educativos destinados a promover hábitos alimenticios saludables y programas de ejercicio físico verdaderamente eficaces.


ABSTRACT Obesity is a chronic disease of multifactorial etiology, associated with potentially serious health problems, and with a high worldwide prevalence. Currently it is considered one of the major social and health problems facing the 21st century. The aim of this study is to show the current state of the pathophysiology of obesity, focusing on adipose tissue. The adipocyte is main adipose tissue cell and coexists with other cellular populations such as fibroblasts or immune cells. Because of genetic and environmental factors and their interaction, people may increase adipose tissue deposits by increasing adipocyte size or number (hypertrophy or hyperplasia). Hypertrophy is a common response in obese states, often associated with pathogenic factors that impair adipose tissue function and develop inflammatory processes. Although an increase in total body fat is associated with increased risk to health, the amount of abdominal fat, particularly visceral abdominal fat, has been related with an increase of comorbidity and mortality. It is necessary to formulate better proposals through prevention and alternative treatments to those currently available. Institutional and educational efforts to promote healthy eating habits and effective physical activity programs are equally important.


Subject(s)
Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Chronic Disease , Pandemics , Obesity/physiopathology
9.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 92(4): 421-426, July-Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-792573

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective An early and accurate recognition of success in treating obesity may increase the compliance of obese children and their families to intervention programs. This observational, prospective study aimed to evaluate the ability and the time to detect a significant reduction of adiposity estimated by body mass index (BMI), percentage of fat mass (%FM), and fat mass index (FMI) during weight management in prepubertal obese children. Methods In a cohort of 60 prepubertal obese children aged 3–9 years included in an outpatient weight management program, BMI, %FM, and FMI were monitored monthly; the last two measurements were assessed using air displacement plethysmography. The outcome measures were the reduction of >5% of each indicator and the time to achieve it. Results The rate of detection of the outcome was 33.3% (95% CI: 25.9–41.6) using BMI, significantly lower (p < 0.001) than either 63.3% using %FM (95% CI: 50.6–74.8) or 70.0% (95% CI: 57.5–80.1) using FMI. The median time to detect the outcome was 71 days using FMI, shorter than 88 days using %FM, and similar to 70 days using BMI. The agreement between the outcome detected by FMI and by %FM was high (kappa 0.701), but very low between the success detected by BMI and either FMI (kappa 0.231) or %FM (kappa 0.125). Conclusions FMI achieved the best combination of ability and swiftness to identify reduction of adiposity during monitoring of weight management in prepubertal obese children.


Resumo Objetivo O reconhecimento precoce e preciso do sucesso no tratamento da obesidade pode aumentar a adesão de crianças obesas e suas famílias a programas de intervenção. Este estudo observacional prospectivo visa a avaliar a capacidade e o tempo de detecção de uma redução significativa na adiposidade estimada pelo índice de massa corporal (IMC) no percentual de massa gorda (% MG) e no índice de massa gorda (IMG) durante o controle de peso em crianças obesas pré-púberes. Métodos Em uma coorte de 60 crianças obesas pré-púberes entre três e nove anos, incluídas em um programa ambulatorial de controle de peso, o IMC, o % MG e o IMG foram monitorados mensalmente e as duas últimas medições avaliadas foram feitas com pletismografia por deslocamento de ar. As medições resultantes foram redução de > 5% de cada indicador e atingir o tempo para tanto. Resultados A taxa de detecção do resultado foi de 33,3% (IC de 95% 25,9-41,6) com o uso de IMC, significativamente menor (p < 0,001) do que 63,3% com % MG (IC de 95% 50,6-74,8) ou 70,0% (IC de 95% 57,5-80,1) com IMG. O tempo médio para detectar o resultado foi de 71 dias com o IMG, menos do que 88 dias com %MG e semelhante a 70 dias com o IMC. A concordância entre o resultado detectado pelo IMG e pelo % MG foi elevada (kappa 0,701), porém muito baixa entre o sucesso detectado pelo IMC e pelo IMG (kappa 0,231) ou %MG (kappa 0,125). Conclusões O IMG atingiu a melhor combinação de capacidade e precocidade para identificar redução na adiposidade durante o monitoramento do controle de peso em crianças obesas pré-púberes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Body Mass Index , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Adiposity/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/therapy , Time Factors , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Age Factors , Treatment Outcome , Statistics, Nonparametric , Disease Management
10.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 106(6): 457-463, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787317

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Excessive weight is a cardiovascular risk factor since it generates a chronic inflammatory process that aggravates the endothelial function. Objective: To evaluate the endothelial function in individuals with excess weight and mild dyslipidemia using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (BAFMD), and the association of endothelial function with anthropometric and biochemical variables. Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 74 individuals and evaluated anthropometric variables (body mass index [BMI], waist-hip ratio [WHR], waist circumference [AC], and percentage of body fat [PBF]), biochemical (blood glucose, insulinemia, ultrasensitive C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol) and endothelial function (BAFMD, evaluated by ultrasound). The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS, version 16.0. To study the association between the variables, we used chi-square, Student's t and Mann-Whitney tests, and Pearson's correlation. Logistic regression analyzed the independent influence of the factors. Values of p < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The participants had a mean age of 50.8 years, and 57% were female. BMI, WC, WHR, and PBF showed no significant association with BAFMD. The male gender (p = 0.02) and higher serum levels of fibrinogen (p = 0.02) were significantly and independently associated with a BAFMD below 8%. Conclusions: In individuals with excess weight and mild untreated dyslipidemia, male gender and higher levels of fibrinogen were independently associated with worse BAFMD.


Resumo Fundamento: O excesso de peso é um fator de risco cardiovascular, pois gera um processo inflamatório crônico que agrava a função endotelial. Objetivo: Avaliar a função endotelial de indivíduos com excesso de peso e dislipidemia leve através da dilatação da artéria braquial mediada pelo fluxo (DABMF) e sua associação com variáveis antropométricas e bioquímicas. Métodos: Estudo transversal com inclusão de 74 indivíduos e avaliação de variáveis antropométricas (índice de massa corporal [IMC], razão cintura-quadril [RCQ], circunferência abdominal [CA] e percentual de gordura corporal [PGC]), bioquímicas (glicemia, insulinemia, proteína C reativa ultrassensível, fibrinogênio, colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, triglicerídeos e LDL-colesterol) e função endotelial (DABMF, avaliada por ultrassonografia). A análise estatística foi realizada pelo programa SPSS, versão 16.0. Para estudar a associação entre as variáveis, foram utilizados os testes do qui-quadrado, t de Student, Mann-Whitney e correlação de Pearson. Regressão logística analisou a influência independente dos fatores. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Os participantes tinham uma média de idade de 50,8 anos e 57% eram do gênero feminino. O IMC, a CA, a RCQ e o PGC não mostraram associação significativa com a DABMF. O gênero masculino (p = 0,02) e níveis séricos mais elevados de fibrinogênio (p = 0,02) estiveram significativamente e independentemente associados a uma DABMF inferior a 8%. Conclusões: Em indivíduos com excesso de peso e dislipidemia leve não tratada, o gênero masculino e níveis mais elevados de fibrinogênio foram associados de forma independente com uma pior DABMF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Fibrinogen/analysis , Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology , Atherosclerosis/blood , Dyslipidemias/physiopathology , Overweight/physiopathology , Regional Blood Flow/physiology , Body Weight , Brachial Artery/physiopathology , Biomarkers/blood , Sex Factors , Anthropometry , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Cholesterol/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Atherosclerosis/etiology , Dyslipidemias/complications , Overweight/complications
11.
Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 27(1): 0-0, ene.-abr. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-780729

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el adipocito es una célula multifuncional e interviene en la homeostasis sistémica a través de la producción de adipocinas. Con la presente revisión se pretende revisar el estado actual del conocimiento respecto al tejido adiposo, y proponer la consolidación del concepto de órgano adiposo. Desarrollo: el tejido adiposo está constituido por diferentes tipos de adipocitos, no solamente el blanco y pardo, sino también el beige, el rosa y la célula estrellada hepática; todos ellos, además, se integran funcionalmente con células no grasas. Este hecho permite la evolución hacia el concepto de órgano adiposo, con funciones metabólicas, endocrinas y regulatorias, tanto a nivel sistémico como local en algunos órganos, como es el caso del adipocito rosa en la glándula mamaria lactante, y de la célula estrellada en el hígado. Estas funciones se ejercen a través de la producción de una gran diversidad de adipocinas, con efectos autocrinos y paracrinos complejos. La transdiferenciación entre diferentes tipos de adipocitos permite entender la importancia de la integración de las funciones en el órgano adiposo. La alteración de la homeostasis de estas células y el desequilibrio en la producción de adipocinas que ocurre como resultado de la obesidad, genera una debacle metabólica que conduce al síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: el concepto de órgano adiposo permite comprender integralmente la función de los adipocitos en el contexto de la regulación sistémica. La investigación sobre los diferentes tipos de adipocitos ­y sobre el funcionamiento del órgano adiposo en conjunto­ conducirá a un mejor entendimiento de estos procesos, tanto a nivel fisiológico, como patológico(AU)


Introduction: adipocyte is a multifunctional cell that intervenes in the systemic homeostasis through the production of adipokines. The present review intended to revise the present situation of the knowledge on the adipose tissue and to make proposals for the consolidation of the concept of adipose organ. Development: the adipose tissue is made up of different types of adipocytes, not only the white and the brown but also the beige, the pink and the hepatic stellate cell. All of them are functionally integrated with non-fatty cells. This fact allows the evolution into the concept of adipose organ, with metabolic, endocrine and regulatory functions both at the systemic and local levels in some organs, as it happens in the rose adipocyte in the lactating mammary gland and in the hepatic stellate cells. These functions are performed through the production of a wide diversity of adipokines, with complex autocrine and paracrine effects. The transdifferentiation of several types of adipocytes allows understanding the importance of integrating these functions into the adipose organ. The alteration of homeostasis in these cells and the imbalanced production of adipokines that takes place as a result of obesity, generate metabolic chaos leading to metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: the concept of the adipose organ allows understanding in a comprehensive way the function of adipocytes in the systemic regulation. This research on the different types of adipocytes - and on the functioning of the adipose organ as a whole - will lead to a better understanding of these processes at both the physiological and pathological level(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Obesity/pathology , Databases, Bibliographic/statistics & numerical data , Review Literature as Topic
12.
São Paulo med. j ; 134(1): 56-62, Jan.-Feb. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-777456

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES: Accelerometry provides objective measurement of physical activity levels, but is unfeasible in clinical practice. Thus, we aimed to identify physical fitness tests capable of predicting physical inactivity among adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Diagnostic test study developed at a university laboratory and a diagnostic clinic. METHODS: 188 asymptomatic subjects underwent assessment of physical activity levels through accelerometry, ergospirometry on treadmill, body composition from bioelectrical impedance, isokinetic muscle function, postural balance on a force platform and six-minute walk test. We conducted descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression including age, sex, oxygen uptake, body fat, center of pressure, quadriceps peak torque, distance covered in six-minute walk test and steps/day in the model, as predictors of physical inactivity. We also determined sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp) and area under the curve of the main predictors by means of receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: The prevalence of physical inactivity was 14%. The mean number of steps/day (≤ 5357) was the best predictor of physical inactivity (S = 99%; Sp = 82%). The best physical fitness test was a distance in the six-minute walk test and ≤ 96% of predicted values (S = 70%; Sp = 80%). Body fat > 25% was also significant (S = 83%; Sp = 51%). After logistic regression, steps/day and distance in the six-minute walk test remained predictors of physical inactivity. CONCLUSION: The six-minute walk test should be included in epidemiological studies as a simple and cheap tool for screening for physical inactivity.


RESUMO: CONTEXTO E OBJETIVOS: A acelerometria fornece medida objetiva do nível de atividade física, porém não é viável na prática clínica. Assim, foram investigados testes de aptidão física capazes de predizer inatividade física em adultos. DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo de teste diagnóstico, desenvolvido em laboratório universitário e uma clínica de diagnósticos. MÉTODOS: 188 participantes assintomáticos tiveram o nível de atividade física avaliado por acelerometria, ergoespirometria em esteira, composição corporal por bioimpedância, função muscular isocinética, equilíbrio postural em plataforma de força e teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Foram realizadas análise descritiva e regressão logística múltipla, incluindo idade, sexo, consumo de oxigênio, gordura corporal, centro de pressão, pico de torque de quadríceps, distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos e passos/dia no modelo como preditores da inatividade física. Adicionalmente, foram determinadas a sensibilidade (S), especificidade (Sp) e área abaixo da curva dos principais preditores por meio de curvas de característica de operação do receptor. RESULTADOS: A prevalência da inatividade física foi 14%. O número médio de passos/dia (≤ 5357) foi o melhor preditor da inatividade física (S = 99%, Sp = 82%). O melhor teste de aptidão física foi a distância no teste de caminhada de seis minutos e ≤ 96% dos valores preditos (S = 70%; Sp = 80%). A gordura corporal > 25% também foi significativa (S = 83%, Sp = 51%). Após regressão logística, passos/dia e a distância no teste de caminhada de seis minutos permaneceram preditores da inatividade física. CONCLUSÃO: O teste de caminhada de seis minutos deve ser incluído em estudos epidemiológicos como ferramenta simples e barata para triagem da inatividade física.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Exercise Test/instrumentation , Sedentary Behavior , Walk Test/instrumentation , Motor Activity/physiology , Activities of Daily Living , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Sensitivity and Specificity , Exercise Test/standards , Accelerometry , Data Accuracy , Walk Test/standards
13.
Clin. biomed. res ; 36(3): 148-155, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831715

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O tecido adiposo é um importante órgão endócrino secretor de adipocinas como a interleucina-6 (IL-6), que estimula a produção de proteínas de fase aguda no fígado, conduzindo a um estado inflamatório subclínico associado ao surgimento de comorbidades presentes na obesidade, como a resistência à insulina (RI). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a concentração de IL-6 em jovens obesos, com sobrepeso e de peso normal, correlacionando as concentrações dessa citocina com biomarcadores de RI. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal que envolveu 149 indivíduos: 54 saudáveis (32 mulheres e 22 homens), 27 com sobrepeso (17 mulheres e 10 homens) e 68 obesos (41 mulheres e 27 homens). As medidas antropométricas e as concentrações de IL-6, insulina, hemoglobina glicada e glicose foram determinadas, assim como os cálculos do Modelo de Avaliação da Homeostase (HOMA) e da sensibilidade insulínica (SI). Resultados: Pacientes obesos mostraram níveis de IL-6, glicose, insulina e HOMA significativamente superiores e redução da SI quando comparados com pacientes de peso normal. Correlações positivas foram observadas entre IL-6, glicose, insulina e HOMA. Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a IL-6 pode ter um papel-chave no desenvolvimento da RI em obesos e que o aumento de sua produção pode contribuir para a inflamação do tecido adiposo e interferir significativamente na atividade da insulina. Embora mais estudos clínicos sejam necessários para elucidar os reais mecanismos de interferência da IL-6 sobre a SI, sugere-se que essa citocina poderá ser, no futuro, uma determinação importante para avaliar e monitorar a RI em obesos jovens (AU)


Introduction: Adipose tissue is a major endocrine organ responsible for secretion of adipokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), which stimulates the production of acute phase proteins in the liver, leading to a proinflammatory condition associated with the development of comorbidities in obesity, such as insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the IL-6 concentration in obese, overweight, and normal-weight young adults, correlating the concentrations of this cytokine with IR biomarkers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 149 subjects: 54 healthy subjects (32 women and 22 men), 27 overweight subjects (17 women and 10 men) and 68 obese subjects (41 women and 27 men). The anthropometric measures and IL-6, insulin, glucose, and glycated hemoglobin concentrations were determined, as well as HOMA and insulin sensitivity levels. Results: Obese patients showed significantly higher IL-6 levels of glucose, insulin, and HOMA and lower SI compared with normal-weight patients. Positive correlations were observed between IL-6, glucose, insulin, and HOMA. Conclusions: The present study suggests that IL-6 may have a key role in the development of IR in obese patients, and increasing its production can contribute to inflammation in adipose tissue and significantly interfere with insulin activity. Although further clinical studies are needed to elucidate the actual IL-6 interference mechanisms on SI, we believe that this cytokine may be an important factor to evaluate and monitor IR in obese young adults in the future (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Insulin Resistance/physiology , Interleukin-6/blood , Obesity/metabolism , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Biomarkers/blood , Body Weight , Insulin/blood , Insulin/metabolism , Interleukin-6/metabolism
14.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 105(6): 566-572, Dec. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-769541

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The association between periatrial adiposity and atrial arrhythmias has been shown in previous studies. However, there are not enough available data on the association between epicardial fat tissue (EFT) thickness and parameters of ventricular repolarization. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the association of EFT thickness with indices of ventricular repolarization by using T-peak to T-end (Tp-e) interval and Tp-e/QT ratio. Methods: The present study included 50 patients whose EFT thickness ≥ 9 mm (group 1) and 40 control subjects with EFT thickness < 9 mm (group 2). Transthoracic echocardiographic examination was performed in all participants. QT parameters, Tp-e intervals and Tp-e/QT ratio were measured from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. Results: QTd (41.1 ± 2.5 vs 38.6 ± 3.2, p < 0.001) and corrected QTd (46.7 ± 4.7 vs 43.7 ± 4, p = 0.002) were significantly higher in group 1 when compared to group 2. The Tp-e interval (76.5 ± 6.3, 70.3 ± 6.8, p < 0.001), cTp-e interval (83.1 ± 4.3 vs. 76±4.9, p < 0.001), Tp-e/QT (0.20 ± 0.02 vs. 0.2 ± 0.02, p < 0.001) and Tp-e/QTc ratios (0.2 ± 0.01 vs. 0.18 ± 0.01, p < 0.001) were increased in group 1 in comparison to group 2. Significant positive correlations were found between EFT thickness and Tp-e interval (r = 0.548, p < 0.001), cTp-e interval (r = 0.259, p = 0.01), and Tp-e/QT (r = 0.662, p < 0.001) and Tp-e/QTc ratios (r = 0.560, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The present study shows that Tp-e and cTp-e interval, Tp-e/QT and Tp-e/QTc ratios were increased in subjects with increased EFT, which may suggest an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmia.


Resumo Fundamento: A associação entre a adiposidade periatrial e arritmias atriais foi demonstrada em estudos anteriores. No entanto, não há dados disponíveis suficientes sobre a associação entre a espessura do tecido adiposo epicárdico (TAE) e parâmetros de repolarização ventricular. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar a associação da espessura do TAE com índices de repolarização ventricular usando o intervalo Tpeak-Tend (Tp-e) e a relação Tp-e/QT. Métodos: O presente estudo incluiu 50 pacientes com espessura do TAE ≥ 9 mm (grupo 1) e 40 indivíduos do grupo controle cuja espessura do TAE era < 9 mm (grupo 2). O exame ecocardiográfico transtorácico foi realizado em todos os participantes. Os parâmetros QT, os intervalos Tp-e e a relação Tp-e/QT foram medidos a partir do eletrocardiograma de 12 derivações. Resultados: QTd (41,1 ± 2,5 vs. 38,6 ± 3,2, p < 0,001) e QTd corrigido (46,7 ± 4,7 vs 43,7 ± 4, p = 0,002) foram significativamente maiores no grupo 1 quando comparados com o grupo 2. O intervalo Tp-e (76,5 ± 6,3, 70,3 ± 6,8, p < 0,001), intervalo cTp-e (83,1 ± 4,3 vs. 76 ± 4,9, p < 0,001), as relações Tp-e/QT (0,20 ± 0,02 vs. 0,02 ± 0,2, p < 0,001) e Tp-e/QTc (0,2 ± 0,01 vs. 0,18 ± 0,01, p < 0,001) estavam aumentados no grupo 1 em comparação ao grupo 2. Correlações positivas significativas foram encontrados entre a espessura do TAE e o intervalo Tp-e (r = 0,548, p < 0,001), intervalo cTp-e (r = 0,259, p = 0,01), e as relações Tp-e/QT (r = 0,662, p < 0,001) e Tp-e/QTc (r = 0,560, p < 0,001). Conclusão: O presente estudo mostra que os intervalos Tp-e e cTp-e, e as relações Tp-e/QT e Tp-e/QTc estavam elevados nos indivíduos com TAE aumentado, o que pode sugerir um maior risco de arritmia ventricular.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Pericardium/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Echocardiography , Electrocardiography/methods , Heart Rate/physiology , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Organ Size , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
15.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 105(5): 479-486, Nov. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-765003

ABSTRACT

AbstractBackground:Although nutritional, metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities are commonly seen in experimental studies of obesity, it is uncertain whether these effects result from the treatment or from body adiposity.Objective:To evaluate the influence of treatment and body composition on metabolic and cardiovascular aspects in rats receiving high saturated fat diet.Methods:Sixteen Wistar rats were used, distributed into two groups, the control (C) group, treated with isocaloric diet (2.93 kcal/g) and an obese (OB) group, treated with high-fat diet (3.64 kcal/g). The study period was 20 weeks. Analyses of nutritional behavior, body composition, glycemia, cholesterolemia, lipemia, systolic arterial pressure, echocardiography, and cardiac histology were performed.Results:High-fat diet associates with manifestations of obesity, accompanied by changes in glycemia, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis. After adjusting for adiposity, the metabolic effects were normalized, whereas differences in morphometric changes between groups were maintained.Conclusion:It was concluded that adiposity body composition has a stronger association with metabolic disturbances in obese rodents, whereas the high-fat dietary intervention is found to be more related to cardiac morphological changes in experimental models of diet-induced obesity.


Fundamento:Embora anormalidades nutricionais, metabólicas e cardiovasculares sejam comuns a diversos experimentos de obesidade, ainda não está esclarecido se tais efeitos são resultantes do tratamento ou da adiposidade corporal.Objetivo:Analisar a influência do tratamento e da composição corporal sobre aspectos metabólicos e cardiovasculares de ratos submetidos a dieta hiperlipídica.Métodos:Foram utilizados 16 ratos Wistar, distribuídos em dois grupos, Controle (C), tratado com dieta normocalórica (2,93 kcal/g), e Obeso (OB), que recebeu dieta hiperlipídica (3,64 kcal/g). O período de estudo foi de 20 semanas. Posteriormente, foram realizadas análises do comportamento nutricional e murinométrico, glicemia, colesterolemia, lipidemia, pressão arterial sistólica, ecocardiograma e aspectos histológicos do coração.Resultados:A dieta hiperlipídica associa-se com manifestações de obesidade, acompanhada de alterações da glicemia, hipertrofia cardiomiocitária e fibrose intersticial do miocárdio. Quando ajustados aos valores de adiposidade, os efeitos metabólicos foram normalizados, enquanto que as alterações morfométricas mantiveram-se diferentes entre os grupos C e OB.Conclusão:Conclui-se que a adiposidade está mais associada com anormalidades metabólicas em obesos. A intervenção hiperlipídica mostra-se mais relacionada com modificações morfológicas do coração em experimentos de obesidade induzida por dieta.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Diet, High-Fat , Disease Models, Animal , Dietary Fats/adverse effects , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/physiopathology , Ventricular Remodeling/physiology , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Body Composition , Body Weight , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cholesterol/blood , Echocardiography , Energy Intake , Hyperglycemia , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
16.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 30(1): 33-37, 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-866

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Os lipomas são os tumores mesenquimais benignos mais frequentes na população. Para ser considerado gigante, deve apresentar pelo menos 10 cm em uma de suas dimensões ou pesar ao menos 1.000g. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar uma série de casos de lipomas gigantes atendidos em nosso serviço. MÉTODO: Análise retrospectiva de prontuários e registros anatomopatológicos dos diagnósticos de lipomas submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico no período de janeiro 2003 a janeiro 2010. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 14 pacientes, com média de idade de 52,3 anos (33-72) e tempo médio de evolução até o tratamento de 4,4 anos (seis meses - 20 anos); 64% dos casos não apresentavam sintomas. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica da neoplasia. O peso médio das peças foi de 3,8 kg (512 g - 22 kg) e o tamanho médio no maior eixo foi de 27,5 cm (15-66 cm). Foram observadas complicações pós-operatórias em 42% dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Observamos períodos prolongados de evolução até o tratamento, mesmo em casos com lesões de grande volume. A exérese cirúrgica aberta deve ser considerada o tratamento de eleição para estes tumores.


INTRODUCTION: Lipomas are the most common benign mesenchymal tumors worldwide. To be considered giant, they must be at least 10 cm in one of its dimensions or weigh at least 1,000 g. The objective of this study is to analyze a series of cases of giant lipomas seen in our practice. METHOD: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical and anatomopathological records of patients diagnosed with lipomas who underwent surgery between January 2003 and January 2010. RESULTS: We evaluated 14 patients with a mean age of 52.3 years (range, 33-72 years) and a mean evolution time until treatment of 4.4 years (range, 6 months to 20 years); 64% of cases presented no symptoms. All patients underwent surgical tumor resection. The average weight of the pieces was 3.8 kg (range, 512 g to 22 kg), while the average length of the longest axis was 27.5 cm (range, 15-66 cm). Postoperative complications were observed in 42% of cases. CONCLUSION: We observed prolonged periods of evolution until treatment, even in cases of large-volume lesions. Open surgical excision should be considered the treatment of choice for these tumors.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , History, 21st Century , Postoperative Complications , Case Reports , Review Literature as Topic , Adipose Tissue , Medical Records , Retrospective Studies , Adipocytes , Evaluation Study , Lipoma , Lipomatosis , Neoplasms , Postoperative Complications/surgery , Postoperative Complications/therapy , Adipose Tissue/surgery , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Medical Records/standards , Adipocytes/physiology , Adipocytes/pathology , Lipoma/surgery , Lipoma/pathology , Lipomatosis/surgery , Lipomatosis/pathology , Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasms/pathology
17.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 58(6): 600-609, 08/2014. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721396

ABSTRACT

Overall excess of fat, usually defined by the body mass index, is associated with metabolic (e.g. glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia) and non-metabolic disorders (e.g. neoplasias, polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fat liver disease, glomerulopathy, bone fragility etc.). However, more than its total amount, the distribution of adipose tissue throughout the body is a better predictor of the risk to the development of those disorders. Fat accumulation in the abdominal area and in non-adipose tissue (ectopic fat), for example, is associated with increased risk to develop metabolic and non-metabolic derangements. On the other hand, observations suggest that individuals who present peripheral adiposity, characterized by large hip and thigh circumferences, have better glucose tolerance, reduced incidence of T2DM and of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main culprits in the association between obesity, particularly visceral, and metabolic as well as non-metabolic diseases. In this review we will highlight the current pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the link between increased VAT, ectopic fat, IR and comorbidities. We will also provide some insights in the identification of these abnormalities. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(6):600-9.


Excesso de gordura, geralmente definido pelo índice de massa corporal, está associado a distúrbios metabólicos (p. ex., intolerância à glicose, diabetes melito tipo 2 (DM2), dislipidemia) e não metabólicos (p. ex., neoplasias, síndrome dos ovários policísticos, esteatose hepática não alcoólica, glomerulopatia, fragilidade óssea etc.). No entanto, mais do que sua quantidade total, a forma da distribuição corporal de tecido adiposo constitui-se em um melhor indicador de risco para o desenvolvimento de tais doenças. O acúmulo de gordura na região abdominal e em tecido não adiposo (gordura ectópica), por exemplo, está associado ao aumento de risco para distúrbios metabólicos e não metabólicos. Por outro lado, observações sugerem que os indivíduos que apresentam adiposidade periférica, caracterizada por aumento das circunferências dos quadris e da coxas, têm melhor tolerância à glicose, redução das incidências de DM2 e da síndrome metabólica. Uma das alterações subjacentes na relação entre a obesidade, particularmente a visceral, e os distúrbios citados é a resistência à insulina. Nesta revisão, enfatizaremos os mecanismos fisiopatológicos e moleculares possivelmente implicados na ligação entre o aumento das gorduras visceral e ectópica, IR e comorbidades. Também mencionaremos os métodos diagnósticos mais frequentemente usados na identificação dessas anormalidades. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2014;58(6):600-9.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Hyperinsulinism/complications , Insulin Resistance , Obesity/complications , Apoptosis , Adipose Tissue/pathology , Body Fat Distribution , Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism , Hyperinsulinism/metabolism , Mitochondria/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Oxidative Stress , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/physiopathology , Risk Assessment
18.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 28(2): 324-337, abr.-jun. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-702626

ABSTRACT

A lipomatose simétrica múltipla ou síndrome de Madelung é uma doença rara, caracterizada por depósitos de tecido adiposo de caráter benigno, de rápido crescimento, principalmente em região cervical, dorso e, mais raramente, membros e face, em geral relacionados ao alcoolismo crônico. O tratamento cirúrgico é paliativo e a recidiva é comum. Neste trabalho é relatado um caso de paciente portador de lipomatose simétrica múltipla, seguido de revisão de literatura enfocando diagnóstico e tratamento dessa afecção.


Multiple symmetric lipomatosis, also called Madelung's syndrome, is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of rapidly growing benign fat tissue, particularly in the cervical region, back, and more rarely in the extremities and face. It is generally associated with chronic alcoholism. Surgical treatment is palliative, and relapse is common. This paper reports the case of a patient with multiple symmetric lipomatosis followed by a review of the literature addressing the diagnosis and treatment of this condition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Abdomen , Hyperuricemia/surgery , Lipomatosis, Multiple Symmetrical/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Adipose Tissue/growth & development , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Ultrasonography, Mammary , Methods , Patients
19.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1762-1767, 2013.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-180661

ABSTRACT

Increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) may be closely associated with the development of metabolic abnormalities. We investigated whether EAT predicts the incident metabolic syndrome in a community-based, middle-aged population. The study subjects were comprised of 354 adults (134 men and 220 women) aged 40 to 70 yr without metabolic syndrome. Baseline EAT thickness, measured by echocardiography, was compared between subjects who developed new-onset metabolic syndrome at follow-up survey and those who did not. After an average of 2.2 yr of follow-up, 32 men (23.9%) and 37 women (16.8%) developed metabolic syndrome. Median EAT thickness at baseline was significantly higher in male subjects who developed metabolic syndrome than those who did not (1.52 mm vs 2.37 mm, P or =2.55 mm) was associated with increased risk of progression to metabolic syndrome (Odds ratio [OR], 3.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-8.66) after adjustment for age, smoking, alcohol intake, regular exercise, total energy intake, high sensitive C-reactive protein and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance in men. A significant association of EAT with incident metabolic syndrome was not seen in women (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.54-2.90). In conclusion, increased EAT thickness is an independent predictor for incident metabolic syndrome in men.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , C-Reactive Protein/analysis , Echocardiography , Follow-Up Studies , Incidence , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Odds Ratio , Pericardium/pathology , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Sex Factors , Waist Circumference
20.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 87(3): 263-268, maio-jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-593194

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar crescimento e composição corporal de portadores da forma clássica perdedora de sal da hiperplasia adrenal congênita por deficiência da 21-hidroxilase, comparando-os com crianças saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 21 pacientes (oito meninos e 13 meninas), entre 2,1 e 10,2 anos, e 67 controles pré-púberes (36 meninos e 31 meninas), entre 1,2 e 11,7 anos. Avaliou-se peso, estatura, perímetro braquial, dobras cutâneas, composição corporal por bioimpedância e idade óssea. Foram obtidas dos prontuários dos pacientes as seguintes informações: estatura dos pais, valores de 17-OH progesterona e Δ4-androstenediona, dose de hidrocortisona prescrita, dados de peso e estatura ao nascimento, no início do tratamento e aos 2 anos de idade. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes apresentaram menor escore z de peso e de altura na primeira consulta em relação à situação de nascimento, com posterior recuperação após o início do tratamento, sem apresentar avanço da idade óssea. A média do escore z da altura dos controles (0,28±0,86) foi maior que a dos casos (-0,61±0,99, p < 0,001). Essa diferença desaparece quando se ajusta a altura dos pacientes para a idade óssea (0,33±1,68, p = 0,912). Os pacientes apresentaram maiores índices de massa corporal (p < 0,001), massa gorda (p < 0,001) e índice de massa gorda (p < 0,001) do que os controles. Não houve diferença entre as dobras cutâneas dos 2 grupos (p = 0,157). CONCLUSÕES: Os pacientes apresentaram recuperação do crescimento com média de estatura semelhante à da população geral, porém com maior adiposidade corporal, que parece ser visceral, já que não houve diferença entre as dobras cutâneas.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate growth and body composition of patients with the salt wasting form of classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and to compare them with healthy children. METHODS: Twenty-one prepubertal patients (eight boys and 13 girls) between 2.1 and 10.2 years and 67 prepubertal healthy controls (36 boys and 31 girls) between 1.2 and 11.7 years were included. Weight, height, upper-arm circumference, skinfolds, body composition determined by bioimpedance, and bone age were measured. The following data were obtained from the medical records: parents' height, serum levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone and Δ4-androstenedione, prescribed hydrocortisone doses, weight and length at birth, in the beginning of the treatment, and at 2 years. RESULTS: Patients had lower weight and length z scores at the first appointment compared with the same data at birth, showing recovery after the beginning of the treatment without advanced bone age. Mean height z score was higher in controls (0.28±0.86) than in patients (-0.61±0.99, p < 0.001); this difference disappeared when the patients' height was adjusted to their bone age (0.33±1.68, p = 0.912). Patients had higher body mass index (p < 0.001), fat mass (p < 0.001), and fat mass index (p < 0.001) than controls. There was no difference in the skinfolds between the two groups (p = 0.157). CONCLUSIONS: Patients had growth recovery with mean height similar to the general population; however, they had higher body fat, which seems to be visceral, since there was no difference between the skinfolds of both groups.


Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Adipose Tissue/physiopathology , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/physiopathology , Body Composition/physiology , Body Height/physiology , Bone Development/physiology , Growth/physiology , Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/drug therapy , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Body Mass Index , Epidemiologic Methods , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage , Skinfold Thickness , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
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